Sunday, May 7, 2023

Every Writing is Breathed by God

"Every writing is breathed by God..."
The part of this phrase in 2 Timothy 3:16 which is usually pointed out is the Greek word, which occurs only once in the New Testament in this Paul's final letter to Timothy, "theopneustos." Everyone generally agrees that Paul meant "God breathed," or "inspired by God." But here I want to focus on the first two words, which are usually translated, "All scripture."
     Thing of it is, the word usually rendered "scripture," "graphe," literally just means "thing written." That is, a letter written to a friend, a shopping list, a philosophical work, a book of prophecy, or the Harry Potter series all fall under the meaning of this word, "graphe," "writing" or "thing written."
      My second observation about this, is that if Paul meant just what we would know as the "Bible" then it would have only been the texts of the Septuagint, including the writings most Protestants consider apocryphal because they were included as a part of those writings. When Paul quotes the Old Testament, he quotes the Septuagint. And I can demonstrate at least twice where he paraphrases or liberally borrows from the "Wisdom of Solomon," one of those "apocryphal" books. It would have only been these writings, if only the "Biblical" writings were meant, because these were the only canon of "Scripture" which Paul would have known given that he himself had written about half of what we know as the New Testament by that point.
     One interesting fact I gleaned from the writings of Justin Martyr, who lived less than a century after Paul, was that he not only knew the writings of the Greek Philosophers, Plato, Socrates, and the Stoics, but he also knew the prophecies of the Sybils, as well as other non-Jewish and non-Christian sources. More to the point, he very nearly held them up as coming from the same Mind or Source at times as the Hebrew prophets did when defending the faith to the Roman Emperor. Paul himself demonstrated that he was well acquainted with the Greek poets as well. And even John utilized Stoic concepts in writing the first chapter of his Gospel. The earliest Christians did not live in a literary vacuum, nor were they afraid to recognize the Mind and Spirit of God speaking through even those who were not of their number.
     "Every writing is breathed by God..." is what Paul said to Timothy, continuing that every writing is profitable for correction and instruction and so on. Paul demonstrated this when he wrote to Titus, quoting a Cretan poet as he did so. The Spirit of Christ recognizes its own, and recognizes when something is not born of Himself.
     One thing which is clear is that Paul was not speaking of just the 66 books of the Protestant canon when he wrote to Timothy. Nor would he have encouraged him to have just taken instruction only from himself or the Hebrew prophets. Instead, he was encouraging him to find the voice of the Spirit of Christ in every writing, to recognize it when He is speaking, and to recognize when He is not.

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