Friday, January 31, 2025

The Evolution of My Teaching on the Neurological Basis of Hamartia - Addendum, Spiritual and Mystical Traditions

      In my previous posts that were a part of the series, "The Evolution of My Teaching on the Neurological Basis of Hamartia," I established that Hamartia, "error, mistake, flaw, or malfunction" in Greek, as Paul described it in the New Testament is both biological and hereditary, that, as biological, because it deals with behavior it is neurological in nature, and that the best and most likely candidate for this distinctly human neurological error is an abnormally formed amygdala as compared with the amygdalas of other primates. I discussed how human morality developed this condition, how the ego or self-identity emerged from this condition, how the death of all current human beings might result from this condition, and the dysregulation of which potential gene might be at least partly at fault for this condition in pre-natal development of the human brain. In a following post, "The Evolution of My Understanding of Salvation," I discussed how the implications of this concept impacted the interpretation of Biblical texts regarding the idea of salvation through Jesus Christ and his death, burial, and resurrection, and how those events produced a method of neutralizing this malfunctioning human amygdala for those who might choose it.

     In this post, I want to explore, as a kind of addendum to these previous posts, how the mystical and spiritual religious traditions also seem to affirm or confirm that it is the amygdala, or the limbic system of the brain in general, which is at fault in the obstruction of "spiritual" communication between the human soul and its Source or "Head" as has been previously described. 

     In most spiritual or mystical traditions, things like overeating and most sexual activity with very few exceptions are either highly regulated or prohibited altogether. Where sexual activity in particular is concerned, most of these traditions (with the exception of certain Hindu practices) will prohibit it outright for their monastics and religious orders, while those that permit it do so only under very strict guidelines, and generally only within the boundaries of a legally recognized marital or at least committed, stable relationship, and frequently with a distinct intention for procreation. Sexual activity for recreational purposes, and in particular sexual activity with multiple partners is strictly discouraged and prohibited. In the same way, though perhaps with less severity, overconsumption and overeating is discouraged and frequently prohibited as well. Who hasn't heard of the "sin of gluttony?" These things are of course in addition to the letting go of one's attachment to possessions, personal relationships, attitudes, ideas, and anything else which one might identify with to the point that fear or anger would be triggered if these things are seen as under threat. While I am thinking in particular of those proscriptions and conditions laid down in the New Testament and Christian religious orders, they are also encountered in the religious and monastic orders of other belief systems as well. The vows of "poverty, chastity, and obedience," or at least the idea of them, are not unique to Christian monastic tradition even though they may be couched in different language.

     The goal of nearly every mystical or spiritual tradition is the experience of one's unity with the Divine. This is true whether one is discussing enlightenment and Nirvana (or cessation) with the Buddhist, or whether one is talking to a Hindu, a New Ager, a Shaman, or Eastern Orthodox or Roman Catholic monks and mystics. This experience is also reported by fairly ordinary, often non-spiritual or non-religious people who have Near Death Experiences as well. Crucially, in this last point regarding people with no mystical or spiritual practice training, those who experience NDEs have little to no brain activity when they do experience them which means the amygdala in these cases has been neutralized for the duration of their NDE.

     What is important here though is the observation that all of these mystical and spiritual traditions independently developed nearly identical regulations and prohibitions for their practitioners to follow to foster their experience of this oneness with the Divine. With little contact with one another, and frequently very different, competing theologies, mythologies, and dogmas, they all came to the same conclusion that these things needed to be adhered to if one was going to make progress in their goal. What is also important is that all of these prohibitions and regulations directly relate to the survival responses which are regulated by the human amygdala and governed by the human hypothalamus: fight/flight/feeding/sex.

     Consider this observation that, the reason why things like most sexual activity and overeating are routinely regulated and prohibited among nearly every spiritual or mystical tradition (with a few notable exceptions) is because these things, in addition to fear and anger responses to threats, are also governed by the limbic system, the hypothalamus in particular, and thus they activate the abnormal human amygdala. Nearly every spiritual or mystical tradition, whether they realize it or not, operates on the unspoken assumption that anything which activates the amygdala's fight/flight/feeding/sex response will obstruct or block communication with the Head/Logos/God/Source and thus will obstruct the experience of one's union with Him. This is the reason why sex in particular is so tightly regulated among the traditions, whether they know it or not, because that reproductive drive is so powerful, especially among men. It is also the reason why "gluttony" is discouraged and fasting is encouraged. The true objective is to keep from engaging the survival responses in order to not obstruct or break one's continuous communication with the God with whom they are one.

     This might also extend to the overconsumption of alcohol and other intoxicants because they affect the brain and can directly or indirectly activate the amygdala's survival response system. Intoxicants obstruct this communication as well in various ways depending on which parts of the brain they target. Another point which should be noted is that this might also explain the dim view of homosexuality which is recorded in both the Christian Scriptures as well as the Scriptures of other belief systems and traditions. Like with the solicitation of prostitutes, adultery, incest, pederasty, and simple sexual activity outside of a legal marital relationship, it was seen as giving in to one's "animal passions," that is, submitting to or succumbing to the sex response demanded by the abnormal human amygdala which, as discussed, would of course obstruct one's soul's communication with God/Source because it would still be the amygdala which would be engaged rather than neutralized. Marital, heterosexual relationships were seen as approved because it was considered the couple's family duty to produce offspring which couldn't be done without having sex between an unrelated male and a female, regardless of one's sexual preferences. Whether one can pursue the continued and open communication of the human soul with its Source while engaged in a committed, monogamous homosexual relationship may simply depend on the individual in question in the same way having many possessions may or may not obstruct this communication depends on whether the fear or aggression response is triggered by them. In this, I am reminded of St. Augustine who recognized that he had to give up sleeping with his mistress, and sexual activity as a whole including the prospect of a marriage, in order to pursue a spiritual life. Paul himself raised his concerns about any marital relationship and being a disciple of Jesus Christ because those who were married had to be concerned with the needs and desires of their spouses, whereas those who weren't could be concerned with what pleased the Lord alone. But he also recognized that not everyone could maintain that kind of control over their sexual drive and responses. It was more compassionate and pragmatic to encourage a marital relationship for this latter group while encouraging an abandonment of sexuality altogether for those who could handle it. But the rule, whether the reason was understood or not, can be traced back universally to avoiding what may trigger one's fight/flight/feeding/sex responses, and it was recognized by the Apostle that this was different for different people and had to be handled as such.

     All of the prohibitions and proscriptions in the New Testament in particular, and in mystical and spiritual traditions in general, can all be explained by this abnormal, malfunctioning human amygdala which I have described. They all aim to curb and minimize triggering the survival responses of fight/flight/feeding/sex which obstructs the communication of one's soul to its Source which is the God who is love.


Your Professed Beliefs are Worthless Without Love, Because God is Love

      I started translating 1 Corinthians 13 again this morning. It just happens to come next in my on and off morning translation through 1 Corinthians. In a way, it feels kind of redundant because I just did this recently when I do a new edition of "The Path," but here it is again, and I can't help but think it's both one of the most quoted passages in the Scriptures, and one of the most ignored for that, especially the first three verses.

     In the first three verses Paul explicitly says that a person could speak every language, even angelic ones, know everything, see and understand every mystery, have the kind of faith or trust to relocate mountains, give everything they own away and even hand over their own body to be burned, but for all of this he says that if they do not possess love, they have nothing, are nothing, and it helps them nothing at all. Not one thing. According to Paul, it doesn't matter what you say, what you do, or what you know, if you do not possess love, it's all worthless and for nothing, and so are you. 

     There really can be no overstating the profound implications of Paul's statements in these three verses because they coincide with John's explicit statement in his first letter, "The person not loving doesn't know God, because God is love." Why is it all worthless and for nothing without love? Because whatever else it may be, it is worthless without the God who is love. It is good for nothing to anyone if it isn't born from God who is love. This is why the two most important commands in the Gospels are to love God with everything you've got and to love your neighbor as yourself. Add to these His instructions to love your enemies, and just to love one another as He loved us. If it isn't born from love, it isn't born from God, and if it isn't born from God than the action, word, or thought is worth nothing. As John also wrote, the person who makes their home in love, makes their home in God, and God within them.

      What is the mark, the indicator that someone is genuinely operating from God, or the Spirit of God? Love. What is the sign that their religion or beliefs or practices are valid? Love. What is it that God wants most of all from us? Love, mercy, compassion, forgiveness, non-judgment, and these are the things which Jesus Himself explicitly taught. The person who doesn't display love isn't a disciple of Jesus Christ, no matter what they say.

     The foundational nature of Love in one's faith and practice cannot be overstated because if it isn't present, if it can't be seen in that person, then nothing they say or do is originating from God and they should be at best ignored and guided back to it, and at worst actively opposed for the deceiver and liar that they are.

     Virtually everything else can be tossed to the wayside in terms of belief structures as far as God is concerned, but this one point is absolutely mandatory, that what we do, what we say, and who we are is born from love and possesses love, because if it doesn't, then we don't know Him.

Wednesday, January 29, 2025

The Evolution of My Understanding of Salvation - Part 1(?)

 

I’ve been struggling to write this for days. I sit down to write, and I stare at the blank page just as blank myself. Something subconscious within me has been actively avoiding it, and immediately trying to find other things to do. I even changed the operating system on my laptop just to buy myself more time instead of sitting down and working this out.

What is it that I’ve been actively avoiding? Recently, I attempted to explain where my hypothesis on Hamartia as neurological in nature came from, and how it evolded, but that is not the end of the story. I didn’t feel like I could just leave it at our common human problem. I wanted to do the same thing for the solution to the problem. How did I arrive at the conclusions I did, and why? This isn’t a light subject to take on, and my conclusions about the solution, like my conclusions about the problem, tend to stand outside of the theological structures in which I grew up and in which I was at least initially trained.

The way I was initially raised and trained could best be explained by a short Gospel presentation meant for quick or cold-contact evangelism called the “Three Crucial Issues.” It’s been years, but if I remember right, these issues were 1) All are guilty of sin and deserve God’s judgment, 2) Jesus Christ died on the cross to pay for our sins, and 3) All one must do is believe that Jesus paid for their sins and they would be saved, that is, forgiven of all their sins and wrongdoing and granted entry into heaven when they died. The way I was taught, once a person did actually believe this, then nothing they did from then on could take this free forgiveness and entry into heaven away from them. It was also taught that the only people who would be forgiven and granted entry into heaven were those who believed this. All others, whether they had access to this knowledge would suffer God’s condemnation and be thrown into hell when they died. Writing it out again now as I am, there is a certain simplicity to this explanation which is of course appealing. And the way I was initially taught to read the Scriptures, the 66 books of the Protestant Bible, only reinforced this understanding, that is, as long as I used the right English translation (preferably the King James Version, but the New King James and the New American Standard were considered acceptable). People from other denominations weren’t actually Christians as I was taught, because they didn’t believe the way we did, and they too needed to “be saved.”

Looking at it written out now, there were so many things I took for granted, chief of which was that I knew what “sin” was. I trusted what my pastors and teachers taught me about it. I trusted that the books I read about these things and other points of Christian teaching, all of which were squarely within the realm of Evangelical Protestantism, knew what they were talking about. Even after I was ostracised from the group I had studied with and been a part of, I held rigidly firm to all things which I had been taught, not so secretly hoping that my “time of exile” would come to an end, and I would be able to return to what had been a kind of found family for me. That no matter how hard I tried I could not became more of a gift of God than I undestood at the time, because, freed from needing to stay aligned with the right belief system in order to remain “in the fold,” for the first time in my life I gave myself permission to question and find answers for myself.

I became Roman Catholic, and in the process of so doing, I began actually reading both the Early Church Fathers and the actual official Catechism of the Catholic Church. The former revealed to me that the beliefs of the earliest Christians had almost nothing in common with the way I had been taught. The latter taught me that the Roman Catholic Church which had been demonized in my Bible School coursework was not the Roman Catholic Church as it officially taught, and that there was more agreement than disagreement between the two. The priest who confirmed me was one of the most Christ-like men I had met, and the Franciscan Sister was also one of the most loving and kind women I have ever met. I remember distinctly thinking to myself, if what I was taught about the Roman Catholic Church was wrong, then what else was I taught that was also mistaken? I then branched out and began reading the spiritual works of other faiths as well as Greek philosophy. And in all of it, it drew me, not away from Jesus Christ, but always back to Him, whether it was Plato’s Socratic dialogues, the Gospel of Buddha, the Tao Te Ching, or even the Bhagavad Gita. I would eventually join the Old Catholic Church. I entered the priesthood there on April 2nd, 2005, and was introduced not just to Roman Catholic theological teaching, but Eastern Orthodox as well. I would dive into the wealth of the Philokalia and the writings of the Eastern Monastic Fathers in addition to more modern Orthodox writings, both theological and mystical, and my understanding of the writings of the Ancient Christian Church prior to the schism between the east and the west grew by leaps and bounds. I would also dive more and more into the original Greek text of the New Testament, relying on it more and more until I just stopped using English translations altogether except for a quick reference when needed. I became so much better acquainted with John, Paul, Peter, James, and Jesus Christ Himself in those pages, reading, translating, re-reading, and re-translating over and over and over again so many times with each book that I lost count.

And then, along the way, I took a job working with students with moderate to severe developmental and medical disabilities, among them Autism Spectrum Disorder, Down’s Syndrome, Angelman’s Syndrome, quadriplegic students, and more. It was in this position where I first asked the question, “What if Paul meant what he said when he said that Hamartia was located ‘in the flesh’?” and I started taking psychology courses to find out. My answer to that question is in the five posts preceding this one.

But my answer to that question, that Hamartia, the “sin nature,” is really an abnormally formed amygdala peculiar to human beings, raised several more questions. I began to see it as a disorder similar to the developmental disorders of the students I worked with every day. Their brains hadn’t developed normally, and their behaviors reflected that. Of course they still had choices they could make, but those choices would be heavily influenced by their abnormal neurological development. We had to gently correct harmful behaviors, but what we were really taking note of and keeping track of was whatever progress they were making, no matter how small. We expected the aberrant behaviors because of the disorders, but what we kept track of and celebrated were the behaviors which average human beings would just consider normal and appropriate. The same is true of any good parent with a child with a developmental or psychological disorder. You don’t keep track of the wrong behavior, you expect that and correct it when it’s happening, but you forget all about it when they do something “normal and appropriate.” You flat out celebrate that, encourage that, nearly dance for joy over that.

And similar to Jesus’s question, I had to ask, if we as human beings, being as twisted as we can be sometimes, know to do this with our own children, why wouldn’t God do so as well with us? Why would He demand repayment for each and every one of our disorder influenced harmful behaviors, much less a blood sacrifice? Why would His focus be on what we do wrong instead of what we do right? While this question may have been subversively beginning to form in my subconscious, it was a series of different podcasts by different people who had deconstructed that really brought it into focus when they asked, “What kind of a God who is love or Father would demand the murder of His own Son in order to forgive people?” While I had heard the criticism before of course, and brushed it off, now it hit me squarely between the eyes. It was the kind of thing one of the pagan tribal gods from mythology might demand, but not the God which was described in the pages of the New Testament, or even for that matter, the God who was described in the prophets of the Old Testament.

I then really began to look at this question, and go back to all of those Scriptures which I had been taught to gloss over and interpret in the light of the “Penal Substitutionary Atonement” (PSA) which had formed the basis of my understanding of why Jesus died on the cross. The more I looked, the more I came to understand that not only was PSA only one way it could be interpreted among many, but it wasn’t even the way the people to whom the Scriptures were originally written would have understood it. I came to understand that the roots and origins of PSA and the three crucial issues that I was taught were really born in the 16th century, and not the first century. And the deeper I studied the Greek language, and the Greek texts of the Scriptures, the more I came to understand that the English translations I had initially been taught to use were skewed, intentionally or unintentionally, to teach PSA when the Greek really didn’t, and it was never really the intention of any of the authors of the New Testament, much less the Old. But then this leads to the question, “What does it then mean that ‘Christ died for our sins’ (1 Corinthians 15:3) as the Scriptures teach?”

Let me plagiarize myself a little here:

“The practice of animal sacrifice is an ancient one. From what I’ve been able to read on the subject, there have been animal sacrifices from the very beginnings of human civilization, and from even before this. When the first sacrifices are mentioned in the Book of Genesis in the Scriptures, the practice was already well established. What’s important to note here is that, prior to the Book of Exodus, God never asks for or requires a sacrificial offering. Many Bible Evangelicals will point to Genesis 3:21 as proof of God establishing the need for a blood sacrifice to forgive sins. But the text itself says nothing of the kind. It just says, literally, that God made tunics from leather for Adam and Eve to replace the leaf coverings they had sewn together. It never says God killed the animals to get the leather. It never says this needed to be done for Him to forgive them. The only thing the text really suggests is that God taught them the rudiments of leather working out of compassion for their new reality, and the delusion that their natural nakedness needed to be covered up. Leather happens to be a far more durable clothing material than leaves held together with grass or stalks. Another passage held up is Abel’s offering from his flock being accepted and Cain’s offering of vegetables he farmed being rejected in Genesis 4. While it is one potential interpretation to suggest that this supports God having established blood sacrifices, it is not the only interpretation. It can just as well be said this passage might be an amalgam or a metaphor for our malfunctioning human ancestors who embraced tilling the soil and farming, the rudiments of civilization, driving those other human species which existed once upon a time, all hunter gatherers, to extinction. It really all depends on how it is seen.

With this in mind, the first actual mentions of animal sacrifice in the Scriptures assume it as a well established practice with meaning, and one which God did not explicitly ask for. In every instance, the initiative is taken by human beings to build an altar and offer a sacrifice in order to honor Him in some way. The one exception here is actually Abraham’s sacrifice of Isaac, a human sacrifice no less (also practiced from extremely ancient times), which the text makes clear that God had no intentions of Abraham going through with it. This understanding of blood sacrifice as an established practice continues into the Mosaic law. If you notice in the text of the law, in a similar way that it treats things like slavery and polygamy, the Mosaic law doesn’t found or establish the practice of sacrifice in order to forgive sins, but it regulates it, establishing rules, rituals, and specific ways it had to be done from the building of an altar out in the bush to what the official place of sacrifice was to look like to the priesthood in charge of that sacrifice.

So, what am I driving at here? That animal sacrifice, much less human sacrifice, in order to forgive sins wasn’t God’s idea in the first place. It was an idea born out of our malfunctioning mind, that we could somehow transfer our guilt onto an innocent animal or person and then destroy it by destroying that creature, and had become integrated very early in human culture and society.

So what does God have to say about sacrifices? In the passage I translated at the beginning of this, Jesus quotes Hosea 6:6 which says, “I desire mercy and not sacrifice, and a knowledge of God more than whole burnt offerings.” In Psalms 40:6-8 the psalmist writes, “Sacrifice and offering you didn’t desire, but ears you prepared for me; You didn’t require whole burnt offering and sin offering. Then I said, ‘Look, I am here! It is written about me in the head of the book. I delight to do your will, my God. Your law is within my heart.” In Psalm 50:7-23, God is explicit that sacrifices of animals don’t impress Him and that He could do without them. Instead, the worship He wants is gratitude and people doing what they promised. He really takes issue with folks quoting His laws and covenant and then hurting and harming others. In Psalm 51:14-17 David writes, in his great penitential psalm, addressing God says that “You don’t delight in sacrifice, otherwise I would give one; burnt offerings don’t please You.” He continues by saying, “The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit. A broken and contrite heart, O God, you will not despise.” This last part is significant because God very clearly talks about despising the animal sacrifices brought to Him by the people of Judah in Isaiah 1:11-20, animal sacrifices and rituals regulated by the very same Mosaic law which He instructed Moses to write. God tells them to stop bringing them altogether because He’s sick of them. He then tells them what He wants instead, “Wash yourselves, make yourselves clean; remove the evil of your deeds from My sight. Cease to do evil, learn to do good; seek justice, reprove the ruthless, defend the orphan, plead for the widow.” Notice He says to stop bringing the sacrifices, but then says “Wash yourselves, make yourselves clean.” How were they supposed to do that without animal sacrifices if animal sacrifices were absolutely necessary for forgiveness and absolution? In Jeremiah 7:21-26 God tells the people that He didn’t even command Israel regarding sacrifices or whole burnt offerings when He brought them out of Egypt. Instead, He commanded them that if they obeyed what He said, then He would be their God, and they would be His people. So there is an implication that even the sacrifices spoken of in the Torah were someone else’s idea, and not God’s. 1 Samuel 15:22-23 also sums up which God prefers when the prophet tells Saul that God prefers people listening to Him to offering animal sacrifices. Finally, there is also Ezekiel 18 where the entire point of the chapter is that if someone who has done a life of wrongdoing turns from that wrongdoing to do what is right, God would forgive him and he would live. Nowhere in this chapter are sacrifices mentioned as being necessary for God to forgive that person.

The thrust of the New Testament arguments are that animal sacrifices, the blood of bulls and goats and sheep, could do nothing about our inherited malfunction. The best they could do was make us feel less guilty from a psychological perspective because something had been tangibly done to make up for it. In reality however, God never needed them to forgive us. He just needed us to realize our screw ups, turn around, and seek Him.”

If Christ died for our sins, as the Scriptures say, then it wasn’t in order to forgive them. But if it wasn’t in order to forgive them, then what was it for? When we talk about the New Testament, Christian concept of salvation, we’re talking about the New Covenant which was prophesied by Jeremiah. It is called the New Covenant to distinguish it from the covenant or contract God made with Israel through Moses on Mount Sinai, and Jesus Himself uses these words (Byzantine and Textus Receptus texts) when initiating what is called “The Lord’s Supper” as well as “Mass,” and He linked it directly with His own body and blood. In the initial prophetic text, the New Covenant was to be made with “the house of Israel,” but in the New Testament, it is made with the entire world and is considered to apply to the entire world.

The terms of the New Covenant as recorded in Jeremiah 31:33-34 are these, “But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the LORD, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it on their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people. And they shall teach no more every man his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, Know the LORD: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD: for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.” (KJV) What I saw this time, after reading it dozens of times and even memorizing this passage, was where God Himself actually put the emphasis. Sure, forgiveness was a part of it at the end, but the first thing, the substantial meat of the New Covenant was that he would put His law “in their inward parts, and write it on their hearts.”

In other words, the new covenant was that they would do by nature what His law required, and as Rabbi Gamaliel said, as well as Jesus Himself, the entire law given by God to Moses, the Torah, can be summed up in this, “You will love the Lord your God with all of your heart, all of your soul, all of your strength, and all of your conscious mind; and you will love your neighbor as yourself.” Jesus added to this the proscriptions to “love your enemies” and to “love one another as I have loved you.” So what was it that God would put in their inmost parts and write on their hearts? Love, and for all of their behaviors to be produced from this rather than what produces the harmful ones, which I have previously described as an abnormally formed amygdala which puts the person into a nearly constant survival mode based on threat assessment which is motivated by fear.

Another feature of the New Covenant which is frequently overlooked or dismissed is when He says, “And they shall teach no more every man his neighbor, and every man his brother saying, Know the LORD: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD…” Consider this in the light also of 1 John 4:7-8 which reads, “Beloved, let us love one another: for love is of God; and every one that loveth is born of God, and knoweth God. He that loveth not knoweth not God; for God is love.”(KJV) Consider also, in reference to the human amygdala driving behavior through fear based threat assessment, that the Apostle also writes in the same chapter in verses 16-18, “And we have known and have trusted the love which the God holds within us. The God is love, and the person making their home in love makes their home in the God and the God makes His home within that person. By means of this, love has been brought to completion with us, so that we possess a freedom to speak on the day of decision, because just like that One is, we are also within this world. Fear doesn’t exist within love, but the love brought to completion tosses fear outside, because fear has discipline, yet the one being afraid hasn’t been brought to completion with the love.” (author’s translation)

So what is the New Covenant then? Is it about forgiveness and deliverance from a hellish afterlife? No. It is nothing short of God Himself becoming the source of the person’s behaviors. It is nothing short of bypassing or disengaging from the human amygdala, rendering it inert or on constant standby while God Himself, who is love, takes over and suppresses or disengages that survival response. If it is God Himself who is the source of behavior, is He going to murder, lie, steal, cheat, cause schisms, do drugs, commit adultery through you? No, of course not! In the New Covenant, rather than being concerned with finding a way to forgive us, we see God working to treat our neurological problem directly. The forgiveness we find in the New Covenant comes from agreeing with Him about our problem and seeking to do what He wants just as He said in Ezekiel 18, and not from a blood sacrifice as such.

Paul writes copiously about this, but you wouldn’t know it because of how English translations have rendered what he wrote. He uses the Greek word δικαιοω and its various cognates in order to describe it. Starting with an explanation of what we can observe about the problem, He then goes into how God solved it. The problem in the modern translations is that they almost uniformly translate it as “justify,” which is nothing short of a transliteration of the Latin rendering from the Vulgate, “iustifico,” which translates as “to act justly towards, do justice to, justify, pardon, forgive, vindicate,” all of which implies a strictly legal understanding of pardoning or acquitting someone from a crime. But the base meaning of δικαιοω is “to make or set right” in a wide variety of contexts. The legal context as with iustifico to be sure, but in many, many more as well. Its adjectival cognate δικαιος literally means “observant of duty or custom,” especially in a societal context, but also in a religious context. In other words, it means that the person who is δικαιος is doing what they are supposed to be doing, and δικαιοω is returning something or someone to the way it or they are supposed to be. The concept can also be applied to restoring something to fairness or balance which had been unfair or out of balance. And so the very underpinnings of Paul’s understanding of the New Covenant and salvation in his letters in general center around this concept of setting the person right. But what did that mean?

According to Paul, in Romans chapters six through eight, it meant the rendering inert or neutralization of Hamartia through death, and specifically, through the person being “grown together” by means of baptism with Jesus Christ in His death, burial, and resurrection. As he writes, “knowing this that our old human being was crucified together with Him, so that the malfunctioning body would be neutralized, for us to no longer be enslaved to Hamartia, because the one having died has been made right from Hamartia” (Romans 6:6-7, author’s translation). And because we have been “grown together” with Jesus Christ in His death, burial, and resurrection, as he wrote in 2 Corinthians 5:14-15, “deciding this, that if one person died in place of everyone, then all people died; and He died in place of everyone, so that those living no longer live for themselves but in place of the One having died in their place and risen.”

But then the question must be asked, if it wasn’t about payment or retribution for our crimes and wrongdoing, how could His death and resurrection make us right from an abnormal or malfunctioning amygdala? Here, I need to talk about the aftereffects of Near Death Experiences (NDEs), and first I am going to quote those scientists who study the phenomenon:


  "Regardless of their cause, NDEs can permanently and dramatically alter the individual experiencer’s attitudes, beliefs, and values. The literature on the aftereffects of NDEs has focused on the beneficial personal transformations that often follow. A recent review of research into the characteristic changes following NDEs found the most commonly reported to be loss of fear of death; strengthened belief in life after death; feeling specially favored by God; a new sense of purpose or mission; heightened self-esteem; increased compassion and love for others; lessened concern for material gain, recognition, or status; greater desire to serve others; increased ability to express feelings; greater appreciation of, and zest for, life; increased focus on the present; deeper religious faith or heightened spirituality; search for knowledge; and greater appreciation for nature. These aftereffects have been corroborated by interviews with near-death experiencers’ significant others and by long-term longitudinal studies."
(Greyson, Bruce. "Getting Comfortable With Near Death Experiences: An Overview of Near-Death Experiences." Mo Med. 2013 Nov-Dec;110(6):475–481. PMCID: PMC6179792)


A longer list of the aftereffects are:



(From "Aftereffects of Near-death States" by by P.M.H. Atwater, L.H.D.)

  • Near-death experiencers come to love and accept others without the usual attachments and conditions society expects. They perceive themselves as equally and fully loving of each and all, openly generous, excited about the potential and wonder of each person they see. Their desire is to be a conduit of universal love. Confused family members tend to regard this sudden switch in behavior as oddly threatening, as if their loved one had become aloof, unresponsive, even uncaring and unloving. Some mistake this "unconditional" way of expressing joy and affection (heart-centered rather than person-centered) as flirtatious disloyalty. Divorce can result.

  • One of the reasons life seems so different afterward is because the experiencer now has a basis of comparison unknown before. Familiar codes of conduct can lose relevance or disappear altogether as new interests take priority. Such a shift in reference points can lead to a childlike naivete. With the fading of previous norms and standards, basic caution and discernment can also fade. It is not unusual to hear of near-death experiencers being cheated, lied to, or involved in unpleasant mishaps and accidents. Once they are able to begin integrating what happened to them, discernment usually returns.

  • Most experiencers develop a sense of timelessness. They tend to "flow" with the natural shift of light and dark, and display a more heightened awareness of the present moment and the importance of being "in the now." Making future preparations can seem irrelevant to them. This behavior is often labeled "spaciness" by others, who do their best to ignore the change in perception, although seldom do they ignore the shift in speech. That's because many experiencers refer to their episode as if it were a type of "divider" separating their "former" life from the present one.

  • There's no denying that experiencers become quite intuitive afterward. Psychic displays can be commonplace, such as: out-of-body episodes, manifestation of "beings" met in near-death state, "remembering" the future, finishing another's sentence, "hearing" plants and animals "speak." This behavior is not only worrisome to relatives and friends, it can become frightening to them. A person's religious beliefs do not alter or prevent this amplification of faculties and stimuli. Yet, experiencers willing to learn how to control and refine these abilities, consider them beneficial.

  • Life paradoxes begin to take on a sense of purpose and meaning, as forgiveness tends to replace former needs to criticize and condemn. Hard driving achievers and materialists can transform into easy-going philosophers; but, by the same token, those more relaxed or uncommitted before can become energetic "movers and shakers," determined to make a difference in the world. Personality reversals seem to depend more on what's "needed" to round out the individual's inner growth than on any uniform outcome. Although initially bewildered, families can be so impressed by what they witness that they, too, change-making the experience a "shared event."

  • The average near-death experiencer comes to regard him or herself as "an immortal soul currently resident within a material form so lessons can be learned while sojourning in the earthplane." They now know they are not their body; many go on to embrace the theory of reincarnation. Eventually, the present life, the present body, becomes important and special again.

  • What was once foreign becomes familiar, what was once familiar becomes foreign. Although the world is the same, the experiencer isn't. Hence, they tend to experiment with novel ways to communicate, even using abstract and grandiose terms to express themselves. With patience and effort on everyone's part, communication can improve and life can resume some degree of routine. But, the experiencer seems ever to respond to a "tune" no one else can hear (this can continue lifelong).

(Copied from  https://iands.org/ndes/about-ndes/common-aftereffects.html)

Atheists become pastors, selfish people become selfless, ordinary people develop paranormal abilities; and as a person exceptionally familiar with the New Testament narratives and letters, I cannot help but see the parallels with the experiences of the early Christians which were written about therein. I also cannot help but recognize the emphasis placed on "dying to self," "dying with Christ," and as Paul wrote point-blank in his letter to the Colossians as to why they were to be mindful of the things within the heavenly realms instead of minding the things on earth, "because you died and your life is hidden with Christ inside God."

     Jesus taught that His followers needed to die to themselves, and the embrace of this death is the underpinning of all Christian practice. As Paul also wrote in his letter to the Romans, "Don't you know that as many as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? We were then buried together with Him through the baptism into His death so that just like Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father so also we should walk in a freshness of life." I read the list of aftereffects of an NDE, and it seems like that is exactly what these folks are experiencing after literally returning from being clinically dead, sometimes for relatively long stretches of time.

     Thinking again about where it says in Romans 6, "The person who died has been made right from Hamartia," as it relates to the aftereffects experienced by people who have had Near Death Experiences or literal "Death Experiences" and have returned to life. That is, people who have literally died for a period of time (sometimes quite extended) with either brain death, the stopping of the heart, or both, and resuscitated (or resurrected). The thought which occurred to me is that this is literally a mechanic of death and resurrection regardless of how it happens. That is, a disengagement from one's malfunctioning responses and engagement with the Logos of God, that immaterial part of oneself suppressed by the malfunctioning amygdala, is a natural and normal result of death and resurrection as is evidenced by people who have had NDEs and consistently display a greater love, joy, peace, compassion, loss of a fear of death, a greater interest in spiritual things, a greater sense of connection with God, and even paranormal or supernormal abilities regardless of the belief system they started with.

And so this is the answer to why Jesus Christ died, voluntarily sacrificed Himself, in the place of every human being. So that every human being would be able to free from the domination of their abnormally functioning amygdala by experiencing death and resurrection without actually having to physically go through it, that is, that they would be free to choose God Himself as their source of behavior rather than this bit of malfunctioning flesh. And this is the assumption which Paul makes throughout his letters, urging those to whom he is writing to choose to “operate with the Spirit” rather than with the flesh; to remain connected with the Head of the body, the Logos who is Jesus Christ of whom we are all members, pieces, and fractals, and who is identified with the God Himself. And he is clear about one’s options in this matter. One is either enslaved to one’s abnormal amygdala, one’s flesh, or one willingly enslaves themselves to the God of whom they are a part, the Spirit. There are no other options.

And what does this have to do with the afterlife then? Actually, not a whole lot. Because the understanding I’ve come to is that the salvation which the New Testament teaches has very little to do with where one goes when one dies, and everything to do with being freed from Hamartia in this world, in the here and now. The salvation which is taught has to do with being freed from the harmful behaviors caused by our constant, fear based survival responses, and being free to communicate once more with that part of ourselves which is one with God Himself. It is about the realization of the New Covenant, and having the heart and will of God activated and written within each of us so that we do not cause harm to one another, and so that we love as He loves because He is the one loving through us.

And how do we actualize this? By being told it happened, and trusting that it is true enough to where we act on it. It is like being told there is a billion dollar bank account with your name on it. You have to trust that it is true in order to make use of it. If you don’t trust that, if you don’t believe the person who tells you, then there’s no way you can make use of it.

Sunday, January 26, 2025

The Evolution of My Teaching on the Neurological Basis of Hamartia - Conclusion and a New Line of Inquiry

      In my previous posts, I laid out the steps which led me to formulate the hypothesis that Hamartia, or the "sin nature," was both biological and hereditary in nature. That it came down to an abnormally formed amygdala in human beings as compared to other primates, that this malformed amygdala produced the distinctly human phenomenon called "morality," that it produced what we know as the "ego" or self-identity, and that it is directly or indirectly responsible for why all modern humans, that is, all descendants of 'adam experience death.

     In this concluding post, I wanted to briefly add one more piece of information which I recently became aware of which also pertains to this discussion, and this is about the genes which are responsible for the development and formation of the human amygdala, and specifically, the STMN1 gene which is responsible for the production of Stathmin.

     I had originally thought that there would be no way to discern which gene or which genes might be responsible for Hamartia in human beings. Then, testing that assumption, I did a Google search and asked the question. The answer the AI search bot gave back, and the journal links it led me to were far more than I was expecting. As it turns out, we know quite a bit about which genes are responsible, "stathmin (STMN1)" and the "serotonin transporter (SLC6A4)" gene which are linked to variations in amygdala size and function, potentially impacting emotional processing; additionally, genes related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) like PTEN, ADNP, and FOXP1 are expressed in the developing amygdala and may play a role in its structure." (AI citation from Google Search based on journal articles from the NIH).

     What's really interesting about Stathmin (produced by the gene STMN1), which is a protein that regulates the cell cytoskeleton, is that when it is deficient in mice, they have a decrease in innate and learned fear, but an increase in social interactions. Furthermore, variations in the size of the amygdala is "significantly associated with allelic variation in the stathmin (STMN1) and serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) genes, which have been linked to healthy and disordered affective processing." (Wikipedia) Stathmin is also implicated in the growth of cancerous cells as well.

      I do not know all the implications of this new piece of information, but as I have previously discussed, Hamartia is the abnormal development of the human amygdala (as compared with other primates) leading to an overreactive or hyperreactive human survival response, dominated largely by the fear response; fear of not having what is needed for survival and fear of perceived threats. This fear response obstructs the brain's ability to communicate with the Logos, or God Himself who is Love, of which every human soul is a part. That a reduction in Stathmin, which is produced by a key gene in the amygdala's formation, should also decrease innate and learned fear and should result in an increase in social interaction (in addition to being associated with various disorders and illnesses) seems to me to immediately suggest a potential candidate, STMN1, for a flawed or malfunctioning gene responsible for Hamartia as I have described it. Speculating, perhaps it was originally weaker in our pre-fruit ancestors, and during human development, produced an amygdala which would only respond to genuine threats rather than everything. It is just speculation, but it's a new line of inquiry to look into, and once again, for me it lends more strength to the validity of my hypothesis.

     It is my genuine hope that this cross-disciplinary approach involving the theological, the psychological, the neurological, and now the genetic will help to produce a better understanding of our inherited human flaw and ironic propensity towards negativity and self-destruction even as we seek our own survival at any cost.

Saturday, January 18, 2025

The Evolution of My Teaching on The Neurological Basis of Hamartia - Part 4, Death

      Having covered the physical basis of Hamartia, how the abnormal human amygdala produces human moral thinking, and how it produced the ego, I want now to turn to the subject of how, as Paul put it, that "death entered the world through Hamartia." This is considered one of the defining contributions or hallmarks of Hamartia, that the only reason we die is because of it. What, if anything does an abnormal amygdala have to do with death? First, we have to look at why the death of an animal organism, such as human beings, occurs.

    In an article I was reading at one point, in an interview with him, Molecular Biologist Venki Ramakrishnan says, "Aging is an accumulation of chemical damage to the molecules inside our cells, which damages the cells themselves, and therefore the tissue, and then eventually us as an organism. Surprisingly, we start aging when we’re in the womb, although at that point, we’re growing faster than we’re accumulating damage. Aging happens throughout our lives, right from the very beginning. The body has evolved lots of mechanisms to correct age-related damage to our DNA and to any poor-quality proteins we produce. Without ways to correct these sorts of problems, we would never live as long as we do. Still, over time, damage begins to outpace our ability to repair. Think of the body as like a city containing lots of systems that must work together. Once an organ system critical to our survival fails, we die. For example, if our muscles become so frail that our heart stops beating, it can’t pump the blood containing the oxygen and nutrients our organs need and we die. When we say someone dies, we mean the death of them as an individual. In fact, when we die, most of ourselves, such as our organs, are alive. This is why the organs of accident victims can be donated to transplant." (DuLong, Jessica. "Why do we die? The latest on aging and immortality from a Nobel Prize-winning scientist." CNN.com, Tue April 9, 2024.)

     In an online Chemistry textbook from Western Oregon Universtiy, it says, "In multicellular organisms, the response to DNA damage can result in two major physiological consequences: (1) Cells can undergo cell cycle arrest, repair the damage and re-enter the cell cycle, or  (2) cells can be targeted for cell death (apoptosis) and removed from the population." (Flatt, P.M. (2019) Biochemistry – Defining Life at the Molecular Level.  Published by Western Oregon University, Monmouth, OR (CC BY-NC-SA). Chapter 12.3.)

     So, it stands to reason that, if this damage never outpaced the organism's ability to repair it, the organism would never grow old and die a natural death. It would be functionally immortal, assuming no accidental death would have occurred. I should mention that the body under constant psychological stress (such as a constant survival mode) will eventually begin to show deleterious effects. At the very least it will impact the immune system and the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain. This alone could have possibly tweaked the human body's damage response systems to where they stopped being able to respond as well after so long, but even if this was a main culprit, I think the Biblical text offers us another explanation as well.

     The second thing to take into consideration is the role death plays in the cycle of life. In short, where the entire environment and ecosystem is concerned, there could be no life without death. Plants (and other animals) must die in order for animals to live. Animals (and other plants) must die in order for plants to live. There is no exception to this rule of nature. With life comes death, and out of death is produced new life. This was as true during the time of our original ancestors as it is today. Even just plucking a fruit from a tree causes that fruit to die, because it has been removed from its source of nutrients. A nature without death or decay is a static existence akin to statuary or window dressing as there would be no eating (neither need nor source of food), no growth, and no new life. Death and decay in their proper place is absolutely necessary for new life and growth to occur as the new life feeds on the dead life.

     From an evolutionary and geologic perspective it makes no sense that there was a time in Earth's history when death did not exist at all. Found within the geologic record are fossils of plants and animals which died as far back as half a billion years ago. Our Homo Sapiens ancestors didn't emerge until rough three hundred thousand years ago, and if we are to take the Genesis account seriously as to the timing and order of things, didn't start wearing clothing until between seventy and a hundred thousand years ago. If this is true, then the events surrounding the onset of Hamartia occurred hundreds of millions of years after death was introduced into the ecosystem.

     Finally, on this subject, in Genesis 2, our ancestor is told, literally, "on the day you eat from it (also possibly 'from them' in Hebrew) you will die a death." The Greek Septuagint translation renders it "you (pl.) will die by death." Notice also that it does not say "immediate death." If there had previously been no death in the world at all, how would our ancestor have known what that meant? It would have been a nonsense statement and meaningless, because our ancestor would have had no frame of reference for it.

     So then how can Hamartia have been the cause of death if death was already in the world? The key, in my opinion, to understanding the answer to this question is that the emphasis in the Biblical texts always refer to this imposition of death as applying specifically to our ancestors and their descendants specifically. Death was already a part of the ecosystem, except for our specific ancestors. The warning given was for "them" to not eat from a particular tree, or kind of tree, or else they would die. There was nothing said about the other animals eating from it.

     There was however another tree placed in the garden described as the "tree of life." What's interesting about this one is that there was no prohibition initially placed on eating its fruit. It's reasonable to assume that our ancestors were eating from its fruit just fine up until the point that they ate from the wrong tree.

      At the time these events were taking place, presuming that they coincided with the beginning of the wearing of clothes, Homo Sapiens shared this planet with at least two other species of Homo, and possibly more: Neanderthalensis and Homo Erectus (there is also the possibility of Homo Floresiensis as well). Furthermore, there had been several migrations of these species of Homo out of Africa and into various parts of Asia and Europe as well as those remaining in Africa. According to Genesis 2, God took our ancestors from where they first arose and placed them in a garden "in the east." It is not an unreasonable conclusion that our ancestors were actually separated from the larger populations of Homo which existed and were singled out for relocation, either by migration or other means. And so, rather than just having two individual Homo Sapiens in the entire world, we have perhaps a family group or clan of specific Homo Sapiens being singled out and relocated, and it is this family group which was affected by Hamartia and through tens of millennia, through breeding or violence, became the dominant, and then only species of Homo left today. And one of the primary and accessible food sources for that family group, and only that family group, was the "tree of life."

      Another data point here is the unnaturally long lifespans of recorded Biblical figures between "Adam" and Isaac or Jacob. According to the Biblical text, Adam lived to 930 years old before succumbing to death. His descendants all lived for hundreds of years, though the length of lifespan steadily decreased from one generation to the next until, as the psalm written by Moses states, a man has only 70 years, or by reason of strength, 80. It should be noted that he himself is recorded to have lived for 120 years.

      Speculating a little bit, it stands to reason that the fruit of the tree of life held a natural compound that supported and induced these repair responses in such a way so that the natural cellular repair systems were able to keep up with DNA damage at the molecular level and not be outpaced by it once the person who ate it had reached physical maturity. My thought here is that the fruit of the tree of life might have induced the mechanisms within the body to remove the cells with damaged DNA far more aggressively than normal, effectively scrubbing them on a regular basis after being consumed. With no damaged cells, the mature adult would not age, and thus would not die from old age. They would be effectively immortal as long as they continued to eat from this tree on a regular basis, barring physically fatal accidents. Also speculating, I would suspect that aggressive apoptosis or ketosis induction was not the only effect this fruit would have, but it would possibly be the major one in terms of anti-aging, and thus anti-dying properties.

     By exiling our ancestors from their garden home as a consequence of eating the wrong fruit, and making it impossible to ingest the fruit from the tree of life again, they began to suffer the effects of what we would now consider normal aging. Damaged and mutated cells began to build up and their bodies could no longer remove them at a sufficient pace. They became mortal, and their bodies subject to disease, old age, and finally, natural death like any other animal. And so, through the choice our ancestors made, they brought death to all of their descendants, that is, every human being alive today.


Wednesday, January 15, 2025

The Evolution of My Teaching on The Neurological Basis of Hamartia - Part 3, the Origin of the Ego or Self-Identity

      So far I have covered not only that Hamartia is physical in nature, but how and what part of the human brain it affects, as well as how this abnormality in the human brain produces the distinctly human concepts of “good” and “bad,” that is, human morality. After I examined these questions, I then turned to asking how this abnormal amygdala and the overreactive survival responses which result could have anything to do with what is often called the human “ego” or “self,” as this is frequently implicated where Hamartia is concerned and even associated with Hamartia. How could the human ego be produced as a result of these things?

     In order to answer this question, I have to introduce a concept which is squarely within the realm of theology or even philosophy. This is the concept of the "imago dei," that is, the “image of God.” This is a concept that Christian theologians and philosophers have debated endlessly as far as what it actually means. We first encounter it in Genesis 1 where Moses writes that humanity was created in the image of God both male and female. Was it referring to a literal physical image? Was it referring to a moral quality, character, or personality? Origen, writing in the third century CE, and equating it with spirit described it in Greek as the νοος, that is, the "mind or intellect." As God is described as a consuming fire in the Scriptures, so also Origen saw the human νοος or spirit as being at the very least made in the image of this same fire.

     The other significant place in the Scriptures where the imago dei is mentioned is in the letter of Paul the Apostle to the Colossians, where Jesus Christ is specifically called the "image of the unseen God," and this is where I want to focus. Here I want to draw from both Paul's writings and John's, and I think you'll see why. John records Jesus as saying, "If you've seen Me, you've seen the Father," and also "The Father and I are one." In the beginning of John's Gospel, he explicitly identifies Jesus Christ using the Greek word λογος (Logos), which in their cultural worldview was enormously significant. In his letters, where John uses the word "Logos", Paul uses the word translated as "Christ" as virtually interchangeable with John's usage. And so it is not a stretch to identify the Logos as in fact the image of God. But how does that help us here? The ancient Hellenistic worldview was heavily influenced by Greek philosophy, and in particular in the first century, the Stoic philosophy and ethics which became as ubiquitous within the Roman empire as Protestant Christian ethics and worldview are within American culture. Far from originating as a Christian concept, the idea of the Logos as being identified with the God and "firstborn of all creation" was foundational to the pagan Stoic worldview long before its entry into 1st century Jewish thought, and then into Christian thought. This is significant because along with this was the idea that every human being contained a piece or, literally, a shred of that same divine Logos within them. Epictetus in his discourses is adamant that all human beings are, in this way, born from the God and could be considered children or sons of the God (and thus should start acting like it). Paul, in his letters, echoes this very same idea when he talks about people being members or "parts" of the "Body of Christ" joined together with one another and connected to the Head, as the one governing the whole, which is Christ Himself, or the Logos. And so, just as the Logos is the image of God, so also every human being contains the image of God, being a part of the Logos. Without spending a lot more time on this subject so that we may return to the problem of the ego, I want to add that this same concept can be found in other philosophies and major religious thought as well, such as Hinduism where there is the idea of the universal Atman from which all human beings possess a part, an atman. There is also the many, many testimonies from people who have had Near Death Experiences who, upon being resuscitated have reported experiences confirming a oneness between their own conscious awareness and a universal consciousness. Given that this image of God, according to Scripture, is the state in which human beings were originally created, and the example of this is the Logos incarnate who declared, "if you have seen Me, you have seen the Father," it stands to reason that the image of God as exemplified by Jesus Christ is the original, natural, functional state for all human beings.

     So then, if every human being is, in some way, a piece or part of the Logos, or a piece or part of God, why then doesn't every human being automatically follow the same example that Jesus Christ set? If this is our natural state, being one with the God in some real way, why are we not immediately aware of it? Why do we not have access from birth to it like Jesus, the Logos incarnate, did? The answer is Hamartia.

     From the purely theological or philosophical, I want now to return to what can be observed and studied. Some time ago, a friend recommended a book to me, Healing The Fragmented Selves of Trauma Survivors, (Fisher, Janina. New York: Routledge, 2017), which talks about the neurobiological basis of compartmentalization of the mind. The fascinating premise of Dr. Fisher is that rather than just a response to extreme trauma in childhood such as produces Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder), the brain actually uses either total or partial fragmentation, or "self-alienation," in order to cope with trauma as a rule. While DID is the most extreme version of this, and the easiest to see as the "personalities" are distinctly compartmentalized and separate from one another, partial compartmentalization can be seen in people who might otherwise appear on the surface to have a fully integrated personality. In the book, which is incredibly well documented, she describes people who are able to put on a separate "self" in order to function with relative normalcy in work, school, and social situations, but internally remain broken and traumatized from past wounds often succumbing to self-destructive behavior and addiction in order to quiet that still hurting "self." In other words, this person, even though a single identity, can operate as two separate personalities because the brain compartmentalized the core personality to protect itself while creating another to take the trauma in a similar, though milder way to DID.

     As I had previously stated, the brain's survival system was only meant to deal with physical threats. It was meant to react to the threat or survival need by taking control, dealing with it, and then go into standby, so to speak. But the primary driver, if you will, was to be this image of God consciousness, fully aware of and in communication with its governing "person," the Logos, or the God. But with the amygdala enlarged and restructured from its original parameters, the human brain is constantly in a survival response to varying degrees, and so the system can't or won't go into standby and allow the image of God consciousness to resume full control. Because our survival response system is always active due to the abnormal amygdala, it reacts with fear, aggression, or a craving for things like food or sex to nearly everything. This results in a total disruption of communication between the Source of our consciousness and our brain. This can only be traumatic to the brain which was not originally designed to function without it. Being then blinded to the genuine source of identity and control, the brain panics and devises its own in order for it to continue to function. The human brain is reacting to the trauma of fear induced separation from that Source of consciousness. That is, the person we identify with from birth, our core personality, is itself the brain's first and original compartmentalization in response to the trauma of being "blinded" from the Source of consciousness due to the malfunctioning and overactive survival response. The "self" we identify as is itself a fiction created by the brain in order to continue functioning in its perpetual, emergency panic state. This "self" is what we call the "ego." One author, R.J. Spina, uses the acronym EMI which stands for Ego/Mind/Identity when referencing the brain produced ego or self, and I find it a very useful description.

     With what then does the brain create this compartmentalized personality, being unable to communicate with its original governor? It turns to those things which trigger its survival threat or need response, that is, those things that please or displease it specifically, and those things within its physical, sensory environment. I wrote at one point regarding this, "Furthermore, our assignation of "good" or "bad" to those things which please or displease, what the brain's fight/flight/feeding/sex response system mistakenly registers as survival necessities or survival threats, further reinforces those things as a part of our personal identity with which the ego uses to define itself, being a product of that malfunctioning fear survival response." and also, "The things which please or displease us we latch onto as what we identify ourselves with. I like chocolate cake. Me liking chocolate cake is a part of my identity. I was born in America. If this pleases me, then it becomes a part of my identity which I treasure. If it displeases me, it becomes a part of my identity I am ashamed of, but still a part of my identity. I write rambles, and it has become a part of my identity that I do so. Being a Christian has been a part of my identity for a long time. But the point is that the ego builds the illusion of identity around those things which either please or displease, which it either agrees with or disagrees with. This is why it can be so psychologically threatening when something which is agreed with or disagreed with is challenged. Even something as inane as fictional stories or characters. My agreement with, for example, that 'Han shot first' in the original Star Wars becomes a part of my identity, and who I consider myself to be. Thus, when it is changed by the film maker, it threatens that identity (in reality, I don't personally care; I figured that was George Lucas' call and he can do whatever he wants with his film), and thus threatens me psychologically." Much to my own surprise, I discovered that I was not the first to recognize the connection between the EMI and the survival responses. Thich Nhat Hanh writes in The Art of Living (New York: HarperCollins: 2017), "In Buddhist Psychology, the part of our consciousness that has a tendency to create a sense of self is known in Sanskrit as manas. ... Manas manifests from deep in our consciousness. It is our survival instinct, and it always urges us to avoid pain and seek pleasure. Manas keeps saying, 'This is me; this is my body; this is mine,' because manas is unable to perceive reality clearly. Manas tries to protect and defend what it mistakenly thinks is a self." (p. 31) The EMI clings to various things in order to form a personal identity to define itself, even though it in itself is an illusion or delusion created by a brain which is not functioning according to its original parameters. Furthermore, because the ego or self-identity is compiled or aggregated from what the brain recognizes as needs or threats, likes or dislikes, attachments or aversions, and those things become integrated into the self-identity, any threat to the object of that attachment or aversion is seen as a threat to the ego or self-identity. Hence, the survival response is triggered when the object is perceived to be under threat just as if the person themselves was under threat.

     This is all well and good, but there can't possibly be any proof to this hypothesis of the formation of the ego, right? Absolute proof, no. But there are some interesting corroborations from spiritual writings and practices. The first, again, is Jesus Christ Himself. Paul, in his letters, was insistent that He was without Hamartia, and it has been the continuous teaching of Christianity that He was born without it. As He was born without it, He was identified with God as the Logos and image of God. As I wrote at one point, "It occurs to me that without the inherited malfunction, when Jesus Christ was born, His brain would not have been born in the same "panic mode" which the rest of us are born with. His brain would not have jury rigged an "emergency OS" so to speak. It wouldn't have needed to. He would have been born with His own name, His own free will and intellect, His own set of experiences, preferences, biology, and so on, but without the malfunctioning EMI which plagues the rest of us. He would have been born with full connection to, submission to, and cooperation with that Consciousness of I Am which is also the Foundation, the base upon which all of creation is coded or shaped. He would have been born enveloped in His Father's presence and love from the start without any kind of resistance to it. His personality, aside from the clearly human experiential and biological component, would have been otherwise entirely shaped by this unbroken connection with the Father, the Source. And these two non-competing components of His individual personality, Human and Source, if you will, can be observed from the Gospel writings. Jesus Christ represents a human being the way a human being was meant to function, with full connection and cooperation with the Source Consciousness, if you will, the Father from the start." 

     The second is that, in every spiritual and mystical tradition, one's ego or self-identity must be somehow set aside or disengaged from in order to experience a unity with God (or in the case of Buddhism, Nirvana). This includes Paul's writings as he writes at length in the sixth, seventh, and eighth chapters of his letter to the Romans about the need to die to one's "old man," synonymous with "the flesh," in order to function or operate by means of the Spirit. There is also where John says in his first letter that "The person who doesn't love doesn't know the God, because the God is love," and also, "love brought to completion tosses fear out." Paul writes as well, "Walk in the Spirit, and you will not bring the desires of the flesh to completion." And so there is this continuous understanding through the writings of the New Testament that either the flesh, corrupted by Hamartia, is in control, or the God is in control via the Spirit, but they are not in control at the same time, and cannot be. When the brain and body are under the control of the original governor, then the ego or self-identity produced by the malfunctioning amygdala cannot be because the love that God is will send the constant panic response of the amygdala into standby. When the amygdala is in control, it disrupts communication with the original governor and the ego or self-identity takes control. This can also be seen in the testimonies and reports of people who have experienced Near Death Experiences where the ego has been severely affected, and they report an increased love and compassion towards everyone else.

     While this post is longer than I intended, I hope it explains my evolution of thought regarding how Hamartia could produce the ego or self-identity.


Tuesday, January 14, 2025

The Evolution of My Teaching on The Neurological Basis of Hamartia - Part 2, Morality

      In my previous post, I went over how I came to the conclusion that Hamartia as Paul describes it in his letters is in fact neurological in nature, that the human amygdala was adversely affected, and that because of this the human survival or threat response system in the brain is overreactive in comparison with other animals. In this post, I want to discuss how this error, what I would describe as an abnormal amygdala in comparison with other primates, has produced what we know as human morality, that is, a distinction between what we call good and evil, or right and wrong, which, according to Genesis 3, is the immediate result of this error occurring.

     Morality is one of those subjects which is a fascinating study from the perspective of cultural anthropology. From this perspective, when all cultures across the world are taken into consideration, there are almost no universal tenets of morality. That is, there are almost no prohibitions or proscriptions of behavior which exist within every culture. In some cultures, rape is an atrocity, for example. In others, it's legal justice (believe it or not). In some cultures adultery is punishable by death, in others it's normal practice. In some cultures, retributive murder is considered justice, in others, it is a serious crime. In some cultures, nudity is considered shameful or even criminal, in others, it's considered normal, and what constitutes nudity varies between cultures. There are degrees, exceptions, and variations to all of these things and many more. The only two possible exceptions to this lack of universal cultural moral tenets are the killing of an innocent human being in cold blood, and incest. Though this latter practice does have its own exceptions under very strict rules depending on the culture.

     In Psychology as a discipline, there are what are called the "Stages of Moral Development" originally laid out by Lawrence Kolberg. In his scheme, human beings progress through six successive stages of moral development: Avoiding Punishment (I will do what I'm told or I will be punished for it), Self-Interest (I will do what I'm told because it benefits me), Good Boy Attitude (I will do what I'm told because I will be seen as a good person), Law and Order Morality (I will do what the law says), Social Contract (I recognize that the law is not always right, and I will follow what is right when the law is not), and Universal Ethical Principles (Society is not always right, and I will do and work for what is right even if society is against me) . The first two are seen roughly from the ages of 3 to 7. The second two are seen from the ages of 8 to 13, and the last two, should they be reached, are considered to develop during adulthood. It should be noted that Kohlberg himself said that not everyone reached every stage, regardless of physical age, and that many people became stuck at Law and Order Morality. Very few, in his opinion, ever reached the stage of Universal Ethical Principles. It was also his contention that everyone advanced in each stage in succession. No one skipped a stage, or took them out of order.

     When looking at the stages of moral development, a theme or a pattern begins to emerge, and we can see that, from the very earliest childhood, morality is based on what the person perceives as a threat or a reward. When we go back further than three years old, and look at newborn infants up to the age of two, from a moral viewpoint, they generally only express what they either like or don't like. What pleases them, or what doesn't please them. For those two year olds who are verbal by that point, they will often declare what they don't like as "bad" and what they do like as "good." When a parent does something they don't like, it isn't unheard of for the child to declare "Bad Mommy!" much to her dismay. When an infant receives a food which it finds unpalatable, it will frequently treat it like an adult might treat poison and try to get rid of it in some way. In contrast, a food or a toy that the child likes is treated as though the child cannot survive without it and much crying and screaming may ensue if it is not given. And so, what we see from infancy in human beings is that the very beginnings of morality appear lie with what the person dislikes or likes, and the infant's reactions are indicative of these dislikes or likes being seen as either a survival threat or a survival need by the child's brain.

     With all of these things in mind, I would argue, based on observation, that human morality, the concept of "good" and "bad/evil," is a direct result of the overreactive human amygdala treating nearly everything as either a survival need or a survival threat, even if there is no actual physical threat. As we progress through infancy and into later childhood, the amygdala interprets what pleases and what displeases as a need or a threat and treats it accordingly. As the child gets older, this extends to what the child agrees with and disagrees with, the former being seen as "good" and the latter as "bad." This fundamental basis of morality then extends into adulthood as the person is raised in a certain culture with certain societal expectations which that person deems in his or her best interest to conform to (and what is in that person's best interest must also be in everyone else's best interest, or so the human brain tends to interpret it). As the person is educated and begins to think about what is actually in everyone's best interest, they agree with that, and the survival of others is then placed on a similar plane as their own survival. Another way to interpret this is that the person identifies with the principles or ethics which they have agreed with so much that it is the principles which must survive at all cost even if the physical body does not. That is, the survival of one's self-identity is considered the priority over the survival of one's body.

     In general, the human brain tends to collect or even hoard those things that please it, and tends to push away or try to destroy those things that displease it. A person may form an attachment to something or someone they see as a necessity in their lives, and an aversion to something or someone they see as a threat (to whatever degree) in their lives. A person may crave chocolate, but green beans disgust them and are avoided. A person may crave money, but poverty must be avoided at all costs. A person may crave the companionship of certain people, but actively attempt to avoid others. This behavior, as can probably be seen, can grow more and more detrimental and harmful as someone may commit theft because they believe they need what they stole, or murder because they believe a person was a threat to them in some way, or rape or adultery because they believed they weren't going to have their sexual drive satisfied any other way. With the amygdala sorting everything we encounter, every thought, every person into needs or threats, harm to others and ourselves is the inevitable result.

     Consider how arbitrary human morality actually is as I discussed at the beginning of this post. Consider how arbitrary, even ridiculous, the very first thing which is recorded that human beings declared "bad" or immoral. They were naked. Why is this arbitrary, even ridiculous? Because every animal on the planet is naked. To this day, human beings are the only animal on Earth to make and wear clothing voluntarily. Every other animal without exception seems perfectly fine with wondering around completely uncovered and unclothed from the day they are born to the day they die. Prior to the introduction of Hamartia, this was also the case with human beings as the Genesis account records. Then, suddenly, they develop an error in their thinking and they begin to try and cover themselves up for no reason apparent to anyone else observing as though they had gone mad. What had been a perfectly normal state was suddenly seen as a threat that they had to deal with.

     But what about compassion and empathy? Isn't this a part of human morality? Yes and no. Compassion and empathy are the ability to feel what another person is feeling. From my understanding, this is at least in part due to what are called "mirror neurons" in the human brain which act to "mirror" the other person in such a way so as to interpret how they are feeling or even what they might be thinking without them having to verbalize it. Compassion and empathy allow the person to see themselves in the other person, to emotionally step into their shoes and, at least to an small extent, allow themselves to be that person and experience what they experience. These things are what allow human beings to relate to one another as human beings. This seemingly independent system becomes a part of human morality when the person sees it as a survival need, and therefore something to accumulate.

     In conclusion, human morality is based on the human brain, afflicted with the error of an overreactive amygdala, sorting everything: people, possessions, ideas, likes, dislikes, things agreed with and things disagreed with into survival needs or survival threats and assigning the labels of "good" or "bad" to them accordingly. 


Monday, January 13, 2025

The Evolution of My Teaching on The Neurological Basis of Hamartia - Part 1, In the Flesh

 Back towards the end of 2015 or so, after having translated through Romans from the Greek for the umpteenth time, a rather profound thought came to my mind as regards what the Apostle said in Romans 5 and 7 about hamartia or "sin" being passed down from Adam and located in the flesh. My thought was simply this, what if Paul meant exactly what he said? What if he wasn't talking about some spiritual reality which had no physical basis, but instead when he said "flesh," he actually meant flesh. 

     The word he used to locate hamartia was in the "sarx," which in constrast to "krea" which means, essentially, "cooked or uncooked meat," sarx refers to the soft tissues of a physical animal or human body. It refers to the muscle, certainly, but also the organ meat, the skin, the tendons, brain matter, etc. Knowing this, it was a matter of asking the question, which part of our flesh could possibly be the culprit. Hamartia as a concept means "error, mistake, flaw," and generally gives the idea that something happened that wasn't intended. In the context of Paul's writings, it always refers to an error or flaw in behavior. From there, it wasn't a hard leap of logic to look at the human brain as the source of human behavior, and so if there was a physically based error causing the erroneous and harmful behaviors, then it must be located in the brain. This then means that the error in question is neurological in nature.

     The problem was, at that time, I didn't know enough about the brain to take it any farther than that. My training was in Bible, theology, computers and electronics, lasers, and other sundry trades, but not in neurology or anything having to do with the brain. As a result, when my wife, who had recently gone back to school at Orange Coast College asked me what major I might pursue should I follow her, as my query involved something psychological in nature, and for other personal reasons, I said, "psychology." 

     And so for two years and eight or nine courses, I completed all the psychology major requirements at OCC, being especially interested and attentive to the Psychobiology course, that is, the course on the biological basis of psychology dealing specifically with the brain, its regions, the neuron, and the disorders arising from neurological dysfunction. As I compared my studies with the descriptions Paul gave in his letters, I was able to narrow down the region of the brain which might be the hamartia affected culprit.

     When going back through the lists of the works of the flesh, I realized that everything that Paul listed, no matter which list, could be condensed down to being motivated either by fear, aggression, bodily cravings, or the sexual drive. Another way to say this, especially for psychological purposes, is fight, flight, feeding, and sex. All of these things are governed by the hypothalmus specifically, and the limbic system in general. Interestingly, in women, the hypothalamus also governs childbirth, which should be of note to anyone who remembers the text of Genesis 3. At first, I thought I had my culprit, but another part of the limbic system kept coming up over and over again, the amygdala.

     The amygdala, meaning "almond" in Greek, is so named because it is roughly the size and shape of an almond, and along with the hippocampus, the hypothalamus, thalamus, and to some extent the frontal cortex comprises a part of the aforementioned limbic system. For the purposes of this discussion, it might be small, but it's significance to this topic really can't be understated. It is associated with several different functions with memory and emotional regulation, but the one that interests me most is that it appears to act as a kind of gatekeeper for the hypothalamus regulating the fight/flight/feeding/sex responses. This alone is enough to take it into consideration. What really made it stand out for my query into hamartia though was how it responds when a person lies. Specifically, on a brain imaging scan, the amygdala lights up and goes crazy when the person being scanned lies, and it does so in a way that it just doesn't do when they tell the truth. To my understanding, the amygdala lights up with any kind of cognitive dissonance, that is, with any kind of behavior or thought of behavior the person believes to be wrong. Another really interesting fact about the human amygdala is that it is disproportionately larger than the amygdala found in our closest living genetic cousin, the chimpanzee. Added to this, a recent study performed within the last ten years discovered that it is structurally different from the amygdala of every other species of primate, yet those amygdala between different primate species are strikingly similar to one another. (There are several good resources online to research this. A quick overview can be found in Morphometrics of the Amygdala authored by Nicole Barger and Katerina Semendeferi) The implication here is that something happened to radically differentiate the human amygdala from all other primate species.

     It is speculation, but given the above it isn't unwarranted, that the changes in the amygdala may have resulted in the human survival responses to become overreactive. In an unaffected animal, their survival responses activate when their physical survival becomes threatened. The threat is dealt with using one of the four responses, and then it calms down and the animal continues on its way. In human beings, our threat responses can activate for presumed physical or psychological threats. It can activate for imagined threats. It can activate when remembering a threat, or imagining a future threat. In short, it can activate and does activate with nearly anything and everything which comes our way. In comparison with other animals, this constant overreaction is clearly a disorder or malfunction from its original purpose and is the cause of most of our suffering and harm.

     Taking all of this into account and applying it to my query, I believed and still believe I found my culprit in the human amygdala which regulates emotional and, in some way, moral behavior because it regulates the survival fight/flight/feeding/sex response governed by the hypothalamus. And so, my initial hypothesis, that Paul meant it when he said that hamartia was located in the flesh, was not only rendered plausible the more I studied the matter, but it was strengthened when the actual components of the human brain were looked at and compared to our genetic cousins who, according to the Scriptures, should be differentiated from human beings as human beings should have been the only ones affected if we take Genesis 3 even remotely literally.

     With these things in hand, I continued to test my hypothesis against all the known features of hamartia. According to Paul, it was located "in the flesh." It was also passed down from Adam as all human beings are descended from Adam, according to Paul. The most natural conclusion from this is that it is hereditary, and thus genetic in nature. There are no human beings currently in existence, even during Paul's time, which do not possess it. According to Paul, if someone dies they are "set right" from hamartia, suggesting that the death of the physical body, and presumably the brain, negates it entirely. When set against all the ways in which Hamartia is described in Paul's letter to the Romans, and indeed in every letter, my hypothesis that it is in fact biological and therefore neurological in nature continues to hold up without fail.

     Then I turned to the question of what caused this universal human neurological error of an altered amygdala. According to Scripture, it was when Adam and Eve ate a piece of fruit they were warned not to eat. Then the question became, could this make that kind of a permanent, hereditary alteration to the human brain? And the answer, surprisingly, is "yes." How? We know for a fact that there are certain compounds and chemicals which can alter human epigenetics and genetic structures. We also know that certain chemicals when introduced to the human brain can cause damage as well as changes in brain chemistry and structure. We also know that certain fruits, especially stonefruits like peaches, almonds, and so on contain cyanogens. Other plants which might be otherwise edible contain THC. Still others contain other toxins which are capable of causing both birth defects and brain alterations. Once again, it's not that much of a leap to suggest that our ancestors, at one point, consumed a fruit that contained a toxin which caused permanent alterations to their brain chemistry and genetics. And so once again, my hypothesis stands up at least for now.

     Since that first "aha!" moment almost ten years ago now, I have continued to refine my hypothesis to include a basis for the human ego, the psychobiological origins of human morality, the root causes of most psychological disorders, and more. And every time, when I apply my hypothesis, based on the criteria given by Paul, it stands up and continues to stand up under scrutiny. Maybe one day it finally won't, but with every journal article I read, every data point I consume, and every new study which comes out, my hypothesis on the physical basis of hamartia as a kind of universal human brain disorder continues to align neatly.

     I am well aware that many, if not most, disagree with my hypothesis, and find arguments against it, though most of them tend to be personal, theological, philosophical, or emotional in nature. To these arguments, I can only point back to what Paul said in his letters about it, and go back over what I discovered and how it lines up. I cannot help if someone's personal theological worldview does not allow for it. For me, if my theological worldview cannot allow for evidence staring me in the face, it is my worldview which must be altered, not the evidence. For now, I stand by what I teach and how I apply this understanding to what the Scriptures teach, and I hope it brings light to otherwise difficult to understand passages and concepts found therein.